As the popularity of cannabidiol (CBD) continues to soar, the market has become flooded with a wide array of products, each boasting unique properties and potential benefits. From full-spectrum to isolate, and gummies to oils, the sheer variety of CBD options can be overwhelming for both new and experienced users alike. In this comprehensive guide, we’ll explore the different types and forms of CBD, helping you make an informed decision when selecting the best product for your needs.
Understanding the Three Main Types of CBD
CBD is a chemical compound derived from the cannabis plant, known for its potential therapeutic benefits without the psychoactive effects associated with delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). The extraction methods used by manufacturers result in three distinct types of CBD, each with its own unique composition and concentration of compounds:
1. Full-Spectrum CBD
Full-spectrum CBD contains all the natural compounds found in the cannabis plant, including THC, albeit in concentrations less than 0.3% to comply with federal regulations (1). This type of CBD is believed to offer the most comprehensive benefits due to the entourage effect, a phenomenon where the various compounds work synergistically to enhance the overall therapeutic impact (2).
2. Broad-Spectrum CBD
Broad-spectrum CBD is similar to full-spectrum, as it contains most of the cannabis plant compounds. However, the THC is removed during the extraction process, leaving only trace amounts in the final product (1). This option is ideal for those who want to experience the potential benefits of the entourage effect without the presence of THC.
3. CBD Isolate
CBD isolate is the purest form of CBD, containing no other cannabinoids or THC. This type of CBD undergoes a more extensive extraction process to remove all other compounds, resulting in a product that may not produce the same notable effects as full-spectrum or broad-spectrum CBD (3).
Exploring the Different Forms of CBD Products
In addition to the various types of CBD, there are also several forms in which CBD products are available, each with its own unique characteristics and methods of consumption.
1. CBD Oils
CBD oils are one of the most popular forms of CBD, typically administered sublingually by placing a few drops under the tongue before swallowing. The dose, potency, and price can vary depending on the brand, with dosing often starting as low as 5 or 10 milligrams (mg) per serving. It’s crucial to follow the manufacturer’s instructions closely to ensure proper usage and optimal results.
2. CBD Topicals
Topicals are CBD-infused products designed for external application, such as creams, lotions, balms, and ointments. The potency of these products varies, and users should follow the manufacturer’s guidelines for application. It’s important to check the ingredient list to ensure you are not allergic to any of the components in the topical formulation.
3. CBD Gummies
CBD gummies offer a convenient and discreet way to consume CBD, available in various shapes, flavors, potencies, and prices. Lower doses typically start around 5 mg per gummy, and users are advised to begin with a low dose and gradually increase as needed. As the FDA does not regulate CBD gummies, it’s essential to look for products with third-party testing and lab results to ensure quality and safety.
Safety Considerations and Potential Health Benefits
While the long-term safety of CBD products is still under investigation, a 2020 review of studies found that participants generally tolerated CBD with minimal side effects (4). However, the FDA warns of potential risks associated with CBD use, such as changes in appetite, diarrhea, and fatigue (5).
Despite the need for further research, CBD has shown promise in addressing various health concerns, including chronic pain, anxiety, depression, epilepsy, and more (6). It’s important to note that CBD is not a reliable treatment or cure for any condition, and the FDA has only approved one CBD product, Epidiolex, for the treatment of seizures in three specific conditions (5).
Navigating the Unregulated CBD Market
The CBD industry remains largely unregulated, making it crucial for consumers to exercise caution when selecting products. Look for companies that provide third-party testing results, also known as a Certificate of Analysis (COA), which verifies the product’s contents and purity. It’s also advisable to consult with a healthcare professional before incorporating CBD into your wellness routine, especially if you have pre-existing medical conditions or are taking medications.
Frequently Asked Questions
The three main types of CBD are full-spectrum, broad-spectrum, and isolate. Full-spectrum contains all cannabis plant compounds, including less than 0.3% THC; broad-spectrum includes most compounds but only trace amounts of THC; isolate is pure CBD with no other cannabinoids or THC.
The effectiveness of CBD varies between individuals. Full-spectrum and broad-spectrum CBD may offer more comprehensive benefits due to the entourage effect, but they may also cause positive drug tests due to the presence of THC. CBD isolate is preferred by those who wish to avoid THC entirely.
CBD is available in various forms, including oils, topicals, gummies, capsules, softgels, sprays, and vape liquids.
CBD, CBG (cannabigerol), and CBN (cannabinol) are three of the four major compounds found in the cannabis plant, the fourth being THC. Full- and broad-spectrum CBD products may include CBG and CBN, which may contribute to more effective interaction with the body’s endocannabinoid system (7).
Conclusion
As the world of CBD continues to evolve, it’s essential for consumers to stay informed about the various types and forms of CBD products available. By understanding the differences between full-spectrum, broad-spectrum, and isolate CBD, as well as the potential benefits and risks associated with each, you can make an educated decision when selecting the best product for your unique needs. Always prioritize quality, safety, and transparency by choosing reputable brands that provide third-party testing results, and consult with a healthcare professional before starting any new supplement regimen.
References
1. Corroon, J., & Phillips, J. A. (2018). A Cross-Sectional Study of Cannabidiol Users. Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research, 3(1), 152-161. https://doi.org/10.1089/can.2018.0006
2. Russo, E. B. (2019). The Case for the Entourage Effect and Conventional Breeding of Clinical Cannabis: No “Strain,” No Gain. Frontiers in Plant Science, 9, 1969. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2018.01969
3. Pamplona, F. A., da Silva, L. R., & Coan, A. C. (2018). Potential Clinical Benefits of CBD-Rich Cannabis Extracts Over Purified CBD in Treatment-Resistant Epilepsy: Observational Data Meta-analysis. Frontiers in Neurology, 9, 759. https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2018.00759
4. Chesney, E., Oliver, D., Green, A., Sovi, S., Wilson, J., Englund, A., Freeman, T. P., & McGuire, P. (2020). Adverse effects of cannabidiol: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Neuropsychopharmacology, 45(11), 1799-1808. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41386-020-0667-2
5. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (2020, October 1). What You Need to Know (And What We’re Working to Find Out) About Products Containing Cannabis or Cannabis-derived Compounds, Including CBD. https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/what-you-need-know-and-what-were-working-find-out-about-products-containing-cannabis-or-cannabis
6. Bergamaschi, M. M., Queiroz, R. H. C., Zuardi, A. W., & Crippa, J. A. S. (2011). Safety and side effects of cannabidiol, a Cannabis sativa constituent. Current Drug Safety, 6(4), 237-249. https://doi.org/10.2174/157488611798280924
7. Russo, E. B. (2011). Taming THC: potential cannabis synergy and phytocannabinoid-terpenoid entourage effects. British Journal of Pharmacology, 163(7), 1344-1364. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01238.x
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